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How Leap Years Work: Rules, History, and Exceptions

Discover the astronomical reasons behind leap years, the 400-year Gregorian rule, and how leap days affect calculations.

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Why Do We Have Leap Years?

The Earth completes an orbit around the Sun in approximately 365.2422 solar days. Because a standard calendar year is only 365 days, without an adjustment, our calendar would drift by about 1 day every 4 years, eventually displacing seasons.

The Three Rules of the Gregorian Calendar

1. Every year divisible by 4 is a leap year. 2. However, years divisible by 100 are NOT leap years. 3. Exception to the exception: years divisible by 400 ARE leap years. This is why 2000 was a leap year, but 1900 was not, and 2100 will not be.

Leap Year Birthdays

People born on February 29 (known as leaplings) officially celebrate on February 28 or March 1 in common years. For software calculations, our system provides deterministic mapping to February 28 for consistency.

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